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Sains Malaysiana 54(2)(2025): 361-375
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5402-04
Cirian Mekanik Terpilih dan Larutresap Bata Geopolimer berasaskan Amang Lombong Emas dengan Bahan Tambah Sisa Plastik Mikro
(Some Selected Mechanical Properties and
Leaching Test of Geopolymer Brick based on Gold Mine Tailings with Added
Material of Micro Plastic Waste)
ZULFAHMI ALI RAHMAN*, SUHAIMI MOHAMED SETH, WAN MOHD RAZI IDRIS
& TUKIMAT LIHAN
Jabatan Sains Bumi dan Alam Sekitar, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia
Received: 7 May
2024/Accepted: 3 October 2024
Abstrak
Penggunaan amang lombong emas (ALE) dan sisa plastik mikro (SPM) mampu mengurangkan kesan masalah lambakan sisa. Penghasilan bata geopolimer (BGP) menggunakan sisa industri sebagai bahan pengikat tanpa melibatkan pembakaran berpotensi sebagai alternatif kepada bata konvensional dan simen portland biasa (OPC). Kajian ini bertujuan melihat pengaruh penambahan SPM terhadap sifat mekanik bata geopolimer (BGP) yang dibangunkan daripada sisa lombong emas. Ujian larutresap turut dilakukan terhadap bata geopolimer bagi melihat penggunaan sisa ini terhadap pelepasan beberapa logam berat terpilih. Sampel bata geopolimer dihasilkan daripada campuran ALE (prakursor) dan SPM sebagai bahan tambah di dalam persekitaran beralkali tinggi, NaOH (pengaktif alkali). Tiga set sampel BGP dihasilkan terdiri daripada 100% ALE 0% SPM
(SPM0), 95% ALE 5% SPM (SPM5) dan 90% ALE 10% SPM (SPM10). Berdasarkan hasil analisis XRD, didapati ALE mengandungi silikon dioksida, SiO2 (68.4%) dan aluminium dioksida Al2O3 (17.7%). Hasil analisis pengecutan linear mendapati isi padu sampel BGP semakin menyusut dengan pertambahan SPM dengan nilai pengecutan maksimum bagi SPM0 adalah 9.35% dan nilai tersebut terus menyusut kepada 7.18% dan 5.59% bagi SPM5 dan SPM10. Nilai serapan air menunjukkan peningkatan dengan pertambahan kandungan SPM iaitu daripada 1.16% (SPM0), 4.57% (SPM5) dan 4.92% (SPM10). Ini dikaitkan dengan kehadiran sempadan berjarak di antara zarah SPM dan bahan geopolimer. Nilai serapan air
yang diperoleh adalah memenuhi syarat bagi bata kejuruteraan Kelas A (4.5%) dan Kelas B (7.0%). Nilai kekuatan mampatan pula menunjukkan penyusutan dengan peningkatan kandungan SPM berjulat antara 10.17 MPa dan
38.50 MPa. Julat kekuatan yang didapati adalah melepasi nilai piawaian MS 76:1972 (2.8 MPa - 5.2 MPa). Ujian larut resap mendapati logam berat yang dibebaskan oleh bata geopolimer (BGP) adalah masih rendah berbanding piawaian USEPA.
Kata kunci: Bata; geopolimer; kekuatan mampatan; serapan air; sisa plastik mikro
Abstract
The
application of gold mine tailing (ALE) and micro plastic waste (SPM) can
minimise the impact of waste dumping problems. The production of geopolymer
bricks (BGP) using industrial waste as binding material without involving
combustion is a potential alternative to conventional bricks and Ordinary
Portland Cement (OPC). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of
microplastic (SPM) addition on the mechanical characteristics of geopolymer
brick developed from gold mine tailing (ALE). Leaching test was also performed
on geopolymer brick in order to investigate the release of certain heavy metals
as a result of using these wastes. Geopolymer brick samples were made from ALE
(precursor) and SPM as an additive material in a high alkaline medium (alkali activator).
Three sets of BGP samples were produced comprised 100% ALE with 0% SPM (SPM0),
95% ALE with 5% SPM (SPM5) and 90% ALE with 10% SPM (SPM10). Based on the XRD
analysis, ALE composed primarily of silicon dioxide, SiO2 (68.4%)
and aluminium dioxide Al2O3 (17.7%) which are the main
elements needed for development of geopolymer bricks. The result of linear
shrinkage analysist found that the volume of the BGP samples decreased as SPM
increased, with the maximum shrinkage value for SPM0 of 9.35% and continuing to
decrease to 7.18% and 5.59% for SPM5 and SPM10. The water absorption value
increased with increasing of SPM content, from 1.16% (SPM0) to 4.57% (SPM5) and
4.92% (SPM10). This is a result of the presence of a gap boundary between the
SPM particles and the geopolymer substance. The obtained water absorption value
satisfies the Class A (4.5%) and Class B (7.0%) engineering brick criteria. The
compressive strength value decreased with increasing SPM content, ranging
between 10.17 MPa and 38.50 MPa. The strength range observed exceeds the MS
76:1972 recommended value (2.8 MPa - 5.2 MPa). Leaching test showed that heavy
metals produced by BGP bricks were still below USEPA requirements. The acid
resistance test of the BGP sample was found to be lower (30.32%) than mortar
(39.0%) and conventional Portland cement (56.6%). This study demonstrated that
ALE waste has the potential to be used as an alternative material in the
development of geopolymer bricks; however, some mechanical factors, such as the
amount and type of microplastic waste, as well as acid resistance, must be
further optimized.
Keywords: Brick;
compressive strength; geopolymer; micro plastic waste; water absorption
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